Vocabulary 12/1: Analysis of non-fictional texts and sentence adverbs

 

1.     advertisement

a picture, set of words, a film etc that is used to advertise a product or service.

2.     allusion

something that is said or written that brings attention to a particular subject in a way that is not direct.

3.     article

a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper, magazine etc.

4.     biography

an account of a person's life written by someone else.

5.     brochure

a thin book giving information or advertising something.

6.     caption

words printed above or below a picture in a book or newspaper or on a television screen to explain what the picture is showing.

7.     cartoon

a funny drawing in a newspaper, often including humorous remarks about news events.

8.     censorship

the practice or system of censoring something.

9.     column

an article on a particular subject or by a particular writer that appears regularly in a newspaper or magazine.

10.  comment

criticism or discussion of something someone has said or done.

11.  conclusion

something you decide after considering all the information you have.

12.  consequently

as a result. We talked until the early hours, and consequently I overslept.

13.  contemporary

happening or existing in the same period of time.

12.  context

the situation, events, or information that are related to something, and that help you to understand it better.

15.  critic

someone whose job is to make judgments about the good and bad qualities of something, especially art, music, films etc.

16.  criticism

the act of giving your opinion or judgment about the good and bad qualities of someone or something.

17.  diction

the choice and use of words and phrases to express meaning, especially in literature or poetry.

18.  draft

a piece of writing, a drawing, or a plan that is not yet in its finished form.

19.  dystopia

opposite of utopia.

20.  editorial

a piece of writing in a newspaper that gives the editor's opinion about something, rather than reporting facts.

21.  episode

a television or radio programme that is one of a series of programmes telling one story: Watch next week's thrilling episode!

22.  essay

a short piece of writing by a student as part of a course of study.

23.  excerpt

a short piece taken from a book, poem, piece of music etc.

24.  feature

An article on topics of general interest rather than ’hot’ news. Writers of these articles not only investigate problems but they also give background to news stories.

25.  figure of speech

a word or expression that is used in a different way from the normal one, to give you a picture in your mind: When I said it was a battle to the death it was just a figure of speech.

26.  furthermore

in addition to what has already been said.

27.  however

used when you are adding a fact or piece of information that seems surprising, or seems to disagree with what you have just said.

28.  in conclusion

used in a piece of writing or a speech to show that you are about to finish what you are saying.

29.  in general

usually or in most situations: In general, about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.

30.  in my opinion

used to tell someone what you think about a particular subject.

31.  in view of

used to introduce the reason for your decision or action: In view of Sutton's recent conduct the club has decided to suspend him until further notice.

32.  introduction

a written or spoken explanation at the beginning of a book or speech.

33.  journalist

someone who writes news reports for newspapers, magazines, television, or radio.

34.  moral

a practical lesson about what to do or how to behave, which you learn from a story or from something that happens to you.

35.  moreover

a word meaning `in addition', used to introduce information that adds to or supports what has previously been said.

 

Moreover is very formal and not common in spoken English. But you may see it used in a report: Local people would like a new road. Moreover, there are good economic reasons for building one. Also is a less formal way of adding a reason or idea. It can be used at the beginning of a sentence to link it to the previous one: You can stay at our house. Also, I can check the plane times for you. Or it can be used within a sentence: I can also check the plane times for you. Besides (that) is more informal and used especially to add a reason. June isn't a good month to go there. Besides, I want to finish my exams first. People also often add reasons and ideas within one sentence using and made stronger with moreover/also/besides: You should switch to a healthier diet and moreover/also/besides that stop smoking.

36.  news bulletin

a short news programme on radio or television, reporting only the most important information.

37.  news item

An article answering w-questions in one concise paragraph.

38.  news report

An article dealing with events of general importance in an objective way, concentrating on the five “w’s”: who, what, when, where, why; sometimes also how. They usually answer these questions in the first paragraph, then add detail and background information in further self-contained paragraphs.

39.  news story

An article including the reporter’s personal impressions and opinions and/or quotations from eye-witnesses and experts.

40.  on the one hand …on the other hand

used when comparing different or opposite facts or ideas: On the one hand I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.

41.  parable

a short simple story that teaches a moral or religious lesson, especially one of the stories told by Jesus in the Bible.

42.  paragraph

a group of several sentences in a piece of writing, the first sentence of which starts on a new line.

43.  persuasion

the act or skill of persuading someone to do something.

44.  propaganda

false or partly false information used by a government or political party to make people agree with them.

45.  proverb

a short well-known statement that contains advice about life in general.

46.  quotation

a sentence or phrase, from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting, amusing etc.

47.  register

the words, style, and grammar used by speakers and writers in a particular situation or in a particular type of writing.

48.  review

an article in a newspaper or magazine that gives an opinion about a new book, play, film etc.

49.  tabloid

a newspaper that has a lot of stories about sex, famous people etc, and not much serious news.

50.  thesis

an idea or theory that tries to explain why something happens.

51.  thus

as a result of something that you have just mentioned.

 

WORD CHOICE: thus, so, therefore, consequently, for this reason, as a result

Thus is a little old-fashioned and only used in very formal English. In court you might hear: They had no offer of finance, and thus were unable to achieve completion (=they did not get the money so they could not buy the house). In spoken English you usually use so: I don't use the language much, so I tend to forget it (NOT thus ). In formal speech and writing therefore will usually be used or, especially at the beginning of a sentence, consequently, for this reason, or as a result: The country was beautiful. Consequently I decided to return the next year. | I therefore decided to return the next year.

52.  to hint at

to say something in an indirect way, but so that someone can guess what you mean.

53.  tone

the general feeling or attitude expressed in a piece of writing, activity etc.

54.  utopia

an imaginary perfect world where everyone is happy.

 

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